TargetPoint's Ideological History of the Supreme Court of the U.S. Corrected by Neil Stevens

	1937	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	AVG
Location of Median Justice	-0.38	-0.51	-0.99	-0.58	-0.13	0.09	-0.03	-0.21	-0.02	0.22	0.47	0.56	0.88	0.91	0.91	1.02	0.57	0.4	0.64	0.26	0.61	0.54	0.42	0.52	0.15	-0.78	-0.8	-0.54	-0.58	-0.32	-0.84	-0.78	0.18	0.45	0.78	1.03	0.67	0.64	0.61	0.48	0.21	0.13	0.15	0.09	0.03	0.47	0.72	0.66	0.78	0.76	0.91	1.01	0.8	0.86	0.66	0.71	0.69	0.57	0.52	00.64	0.62	0.65	0.7	00.48	0.31	0.23	0.18	0.07	-0.07	0.35	0.14	0.3
Court Average	0.03	-0.19	-0.76	-0.58	-0.63	-0.61	-0.46	-0.34	-0.51	-0.43	-0.35	-0.29	0.37	0.41	0.42	0.37	0.09	-0.07	-0.18	-0.42	-0.43	-0.36	-0.38	-0.33	-0.37	-0.8	-0.77	-0.66	-0.74	-0.73	-0.89	-0.91	-0.52	-0.23	-0.12	0.14	0.07	-0.03	0.52	0.34	0.13	0.09	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.09	0.12	0.08	0.01	-0.15	-0.16	-0.17	-0.25	0.08	0.66	0.63	0.45	0.53	0.5	0.48	0.44	0.44	0.4	0.33	0.29	0.26	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.44	0.43	-0.06
Chief Justice	Charles Evans Hughes`-0.45`	`-0.3`	`0.3`	`0.84`	Harlan Stone`0.4`	`0.27`	`0.18`	`0.52`	`0.58`	Fred Vinson`0.44`	`0.58`	`0.88`	`1.11`	`1.23`	`1.44`	`1.35`	Earl Warren`0`	`-0.45`	`-1.07`	`-1.25`	`-1.51`	`-1.56`	`-1.53`	`-1.37`	`-1.47`	`-1.34`	`-1.29`	`-1.08`	`-1.16`	`-1.23`	`-1.24`	`-1.25`	Warren Burger`2.02`	`2.26`	`2.5`	`2.32`	`2.27`	`2.19`	`2.04`	`1.93`	`1.6`	`1.45`	`1.21`	`1.38`	`1.5`	`1.35`	`1.54`	`1.87`	`2.01`	William Rehnquist`3.24`	`2.83`	`2.69`	`2.5`	`2.26`	`1.96`	`1.89`	`1.71`	`1.71`	`1.68`	`1.54`	`1.49`	`1.71`	`1.62`	`1.63`	`1.39`	`1.22`	`1.39`	`1.5`	John Roberts`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.44`	0.88
Associate Justice	James Clark McReynolds`2.9`	`2.91`	`2.68`	`2.18`	* `-0.19`	Wiley Blount Rutledge`-1.13`	`-1.16`	`-1.33`	`-1.16`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-1.85`	Sherman Minton`1.16`	`1.31`	`1.37`	`1.19`	`0.86`	`0.88`	`0.92`	William J. Brennan`-0.62`	`-0.74`	`-0.75`	`-0.91`	`-0.92`	`-0.77`	`-1.01`	`-0.88`	`-0.74`	`-0.9`	`-1.06`	`-1.1`	`-0.98`	`-0.89`	`-0.99`	`-1.14`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-2.03`	`-2.61`	`-2.9`	`-3.01`	`-3`	`-2.97`	`-2.82`	`-2.81`	`-2.65`	`-2.95`	`-3.14`	`-3.24`	`-3.5`	`-3.59`	`-3.7`	`-3.74`	David Souter`0.97`	`0.58`	`0.16`	`-0.37`	`-0.53`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.77`	`-0.9`	`-1.26`	`-1.4`	`-1.52`	`-1.59`	`-1.72`	`-1.69`	`-1.58`	`-1.47`	`-1.48`	-1.04
Associate Justice	* * `-1.74`	Felix Frankfurter`-1.29`	`-1.22`	`-0.71`	`0.09`	`0.42`	`0.43`	`0.41`	`0.67`	`1.03`	`0.91`	`0.65`	`0.38`	`0.24`	`0.08`	`0.05`	`0.38`	`0.39`	`0.7`	`0.9`	`1.28`	`1.6`	`1.77`	`1.85`	`1.86`	Arthur Golberg`-0.81`	`-0.95`	`-0.61`	Abe Fortas`-1.26`	`-1.35`	`-1.16`	`-1.01`	`n/a`	Harry Blackmun`1.9`	`1.85`	`1.49`	`1.35`	`1.06`	`0.88`	`0.65`	`0.27`	`0.11`	`-0.07`	`-0.17`	`-0.49`	`-0.56`	`-0.11`	`-0.23`	`-0.79`	`-0.96`	`-0.96`	`-1`	`-0.88`	`-1.19`	`-1.44`	`-1.59`	`-1.86`	Stephen Breyer`-0.51`	`-0.74`	`-0.99`	`-1.07`	`-1.06`	`-1.05`	`-1.41`	`-1.42`	`-1.4`	`-1.32`	`-1.21`	`-1.48`	`-1.63`	`-1.63`	-0.22
Associate Justice	* * * `-0.54`	`-0.5`	William O. Douglas`-2.91`	`-3.04`	`-2.98`	`-2.67`	`-2.3`	`-1.9`	`-1.71`	`-1.43`	`-1.53`	`-1.75`	`-1.61`	`-1.5`	`-1.71`	`-2.37`	`-2.97`	`-3.57`	`-4.03`	`-4.43`	`-4.72`	`-4.96`	`-5.1`	`-5.22`	`-5.32`	`-5.41`	`-5.51`	`-5.66`	`-5.79`	`-5.91`	`-6.02`	`-6.12`	`-6.2`	`-6.28`	`-6.35`	`-6.36`	`-6.4`	`-6.46`	John Paul Stevens`0.03`	`-0.14`	`-0.03`	`-0.31`	`-0.28`	`-0.28`	`-0.27`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.51`	`-0.49`	`-0.6`	`-0.53`	`-0.66`	`-1.07`	`-1.77`	`-2.16`	`-2.33`	`-2.54`	`-2.9`	`-3.12`	`-3.21`	`-3.16`	`-3.11`	`-3`	`-2.84`	`-2.73`	`-2.58`	`-2.52`	`-2.41`	`-2.25`	`-2.2`	`-1.99`	-2.85
Associate Justice	Hugo Black`-2.91`	`-3.19`	`-3.28`	`-3.31`	`-3.2`	`-2.94`	`-2.62`	`-2.5`	`-2.12`	`-1.94`	`-1.81`	`-1.66`	`-1.69`	`-1.64`	`-1.52`	`-1.23`	`-1.57`	`-1.65`	`-1.93`	`-2.11`	`-2.17`	`-2.06`	`-2.02`	`-1.89`	`-1.79`	`-1.71`	`-1.47`	`-0.98`	`-0.61`	`-0.32`	`-0.11`	`-0.01`	`0.08`	`0.06`	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.`1.52`	`1.31`	`1.26`	`1.15`	`0.96`	`0.72`	`0.46`	`0.8`	`0.81`	`0.82`	`0.88`	`1.09`	`0.95`	`0.68`	`0.79`	`0.76`	Anthony Kennedy`1.15`	`1.42`	`1.33`	`1.13`	`0.77`	`0.91`	`0.74`	`0.69`	`0.58`	`0.7`	`0.65`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`0.91`	`1.01`	`0.85`	`0.74`	`0.51`	`0.39`	`0.35`	`0.14`	-0.4
Associate Justice	* * * * `2.04`	Stanley Forman Reed`-0.99`	`-1.09`	`-1.01`	`-0.63`	`-0.24`	`0.18`	`0.03`	`-0.21`	`-0.01`	`0.25`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`1.07`	`1.18`	`1.22`	`1.3`	`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.09`	`0.87`	Charles Evans Whittaker`1.38`	`1.49`	`1.31`	`1.24`	Byron White`-0.04`	`0.02`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.11`	`0.19`	`0.15`	`0.29`	`0.61`	`0.78`	`1.05`	`0.61`	`0.61`	`0.53`	`0.32`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.14`	`0.07`	`0.02`	`0.47`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`1.18`	`1.2`	`0.96`	`1.03`	`0.8`	`0.56`	`0.53`	`0.52`	Ruth Bader Ginsburg`-0.33`	`-0.59`	`-0.66`	`-0.87`	`-1.11`	`-1.34`	`-1.69`	`-1.78`	`-1.78`	`-1.77`	`-1.79`	`-1.69`	`-1.45`	`-1.55`	`-1.51`	0.13
Associate Justice	Owen Roberts`-0.04`	`0.38`	`1.04`	`1.73`	`1.95`	`2.22`	`2.6`	`2.97`	Harold Burton`0.49`	`0.55`	`0.89`	`0.96`	`0.96`	`0.98`	`0.93`	`1.23`	`1.32`	`1.29`	`1.29`	`1.28`	`1.13`	Potter Stewart`0.9`	`0.66`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.65`	`0.49`	`0.66`	`0.84`	`0.92`	`0.48`	`0.68`	`0.63`	`0.61`	`0.21`	`0.19`	`0.55`	`0.42`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.32`	`0.55`	`0.49`	`0.67`	Sandra Day O'Connor`1.5`	`1.65`	`1.58`	`1.45`	`1.24`	`1.34`	`1.52`	`1.44`	`1.43`	`1.01`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`0.88`	`0.67`	`0.71`	`0.82`	`0.91`	`0.78`	`0.73`	`0.49`	`0.31`	`0.23`	`0.18`	`0.08`	`-0.04`	Samuel Alito`1.4`	`1.38`	0.9
Associate Justice	Harlan Stone`-0.81`	`-0.78`	`-0.78`	`-0.32`	`0.4`	Robert Jackson`0.23`	`0.27`	`0.19`	`0.24`	`0.64`	`1.05`	`1.18`	`1.33`	`0.94`	`0.82`	`0.74`	`0.96`	`0.87`	John Marshall Harlan II`0.91`	`1.14`	`1.35`	`1.64`	`1.78`	`1.91`	`2`	`2.29`	`2.51`	`2.52`	`2.33`	`2.2`	`1.88`	`1.32`	`0.81`	`0.68`	`0.59`	William Rehnquist`3.98`	`4.24`	`4.32`	`4.43`	`4.37`	`4.31`	`4.32`	`4.33`	`4.18`	`4.03`	`3.94`	`3.87`	`3.68`	`3.48`	Antonin Scalia`1.43`	`1.58`	`1.71`	`1.89`	`2.05`	`2.38`	`2.4`	`2.48`	`2.72`	`2.97`	`3.2`	`3.3`	`3.31`	`3.44`	`3.47`	`3.37`	`3.13`	`2.93`	`2.71`	`2.69`	`2.76`	`2.71`	2.13
Associate Justice	Pierce Butler`1.84`	`2.1`	Frank Murphy`-1.58`	`-1.54`	`-1.5`	`-1.64`	`-1.74`	`-1.46`	`-1.35`	`-1.78`	`-1.72`	`-1.6`	Tom C. Clark`1.04`	`1.09`	`1.18`	`1.13`	`0.6`	`0.17`	`0.08`	`0.26`	`0.61`	`0.54`	`0.44`	`0.78`	`0.41`	`0.21`	`0.18`	`0.01`	`-0.07`	`0.07`	Thurgood Marshall`-0.96`	`-0.97`	`-0.9`	`-0.93`	`-1.03`	`-1.32`	`-1.48`	`-1.54`	`-2.11`	`-2.43`	`-2.73`	`-3.12`	`-3.4`	`-3.59`	`-3.72`	`-3.89`	`-3.95`	`-4.02`	`-4.09`	`-4.28`	`-4.42`	`-4.49`	`-4.46`	`-4.31`	Clarence Thomas`2.73`	`2.99`	`3.34`	`3.52`	`3.62`	`3.72`	`3.76`	`3.83`	`3.83`	`3.93`	`3.98`	`4.21`	`4.34`	`4.5`	`4.67`	`4.78`	`4.83`	-0.07
Chief Justice	Charles Evans Hughes`-0.45`	`-0.3`	`0.3`	`0.84`	Harlan Stone`0.4`	`0.27`	`0.18`	`0.52`	`0.58`	Fred Vinson`0.44`	`0.58`	`0.88`	`1.11`	`1.23`	`1.44`	`1.35`	Earl Warren`0`	`-0.45`	`-1.07`	`-1.25`	`-1.51`	`-1.56`	`-1.53`	`-1.37`	`-1.47`	`-1.34`	`-1.29`	`-1.08`	`-1.16`	`-1.23`	`-1.24`	`-1.25`	Warren Burger`2.02`	`2.26`	`2.5`	`2.32`	`2.27`	`2.19`	`2.04`	`1.93`	`1.6`	`1.45`	`1.21`	`1.38`	`1.5`	`1.35`	`1.54`	`1.87`	`2.01`	William Rehnquist`3.24`	`2.83`	`2.69`	`2.5`	`2.26`	`1.96`	`1.89`	`1.71`	`1.71`	`1.68`	`1.54`	`1.49`	`1.71`	`1.62`	`1.63`	`1.39`	`1.22`	`1.39`	`1.5`	John Roberts`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.44`	0.88
Associate Justice	James Clark McReynolds`2.9`	`2.91`	`2.68`	`2.18`	* `-0.19`	Wiley Blount Rutledge`-1.13`	`-1.16`	`-1.33`	`-1.16`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-1.85`	Sherman Minton`1.16`	`1.31`	`1.37`	`1.19`	`0.86`	`0.88`	`0.92`	William J. Brennan`-0.62`	`-0.74`	`-0.75`	`-0.91`	`-0.92`	`-0.77`	`-1.01`	`-0.88`	`-0.74`	`-0.9`	`-1.06`	`-1.1`	`-0.98`	`-0.89`	`-0.99`	`-1.14`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-2.03`	`-2.61`	`-2.9`	`-3.01`	`-3`	`-2.97`	`-2.82`	`-2.81`	`-2.65`	`-2.95`	`-3.14`	`-3.24`	`-3.5`	`-3.59`	`-3.7`	`-3.74`	David Souter`0.97`	`0.58`	`0.16`	`-0.37`	`-0.53`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.77`	`-0.9`	`-1.26`	`-1.4`	`-1.52`	`-1.59`	`-1.72`	`-1.69`	`-1.58`	`-1.47`	`-1.48`	-1.04
Associate Justice	* * `-1.74`	Felix Frankfurter`-1.29`	`-1.22`	`-0.71`	`0.09`	`0.42`	`0.43`	`0.41`	`0.67`	`1.03`	`0.91`	`0.65`	`0.38`	`0.24`	`0.08`	`0.05`	`0.38`	`0.39`	`0.7`	`0.9`	`1.28`	`1.6`	`1.77`	`1.85`	`1.86`	Arthur Golberg`-0.81`	`-0.95`	`-0.61`	Abe Fortas`-1.26`	`-1.35`	`-1.16`	`-1.01`	`n/a`	Harry Blackmun`1.9`	`1.85`	`1.49`	`1.35`	`1.06`	`0.88`	`0.65`	`0.27`	`0.11`	`-0.07`	`-0.17`	`-0.49`	`-0.56`	`-0.11`	`-0.23`	`-0.79`	`-0.96`	`-0.96`	`-1`	`-0.88`	`-1.19`	`-1.44`	`-1.59`	`-1.86`	Stephen Breyer`-0.51`	`-0.74`	`-0.99`	`-1.07`	`-1.06`	`-1.05`	`-1.41`	`-1.42`	`-1.4`	`-1.32`	`-1.21`	`-1.48`	`-1.63`	`-1.63`	-0.22
Associate Justice	* * * `-0.54`	`-0.5`	William O. Douglas`-2.91`	`-3.04`	`-2.98`	`-2.67`	`-2.3`	`-1.9`	`-1.71`	`-1.43`	`-1.53`	`-1.75`	`-1.61`	`-1.5`	`-1.71`	`-2.37`	`-2.97`	`-3.57`	`-4.03`	`-4.43`	`-4.72`	`-4.96`	`-5.1`	`-5.22`	`-5.32`	`-5.41`	`-5.51`	`-5.66`	`-5.79`	`-5.91`	`-6.02`	`-6.12`	`-6.2`	`-6.28`	`-6.35`	`-6.36`	`-6.4`	`-6.46`	John Paul Stevens`0.03`	`-0.14`	`-0.03`	`-0.31`	`-0.28`	`-0.28`	`-0.27`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.51`	`-0.49`	`-0.6`	`-0.53`	`-0.66`	`-1.07`	`-1.77`	`-2.16`	`-2.33`	`-2.54`	`-2.9`	`-3.12`	`-3.21`	`-3.16`	`-3.11`	`-3`	`-2.84`	`-2.73`	`-2.58`	`-2.52`	`-2.41`	`-2.25`	`-2.2`	`-1.99`	-2.85
Associate Justice	Hugo Black`-2.91`	`-3.19`	`-3.28`	`-3.31`	`-3.2`	`-2.94`	`-2.62`	`-2.5`	`-2.12`	`-1.94`	`-1.81`	`-1.66`	`-1.69`	`-1.64`	`-1.52`	`-1.23`	`-1.57`	`-1.65`	`-1.93`	`-2.11`	`-2.17`	`-2.06`	`-2.02`	`-1.89`	`-1.79`	`-1.71`	`-1.47`	`-0.98`	`-0.61`	`-0.32`	`-0.11`	`-0.01`	`0.08`	`0.06`	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.`1.52`	`1.31`	`1.26`	`1.15`	`0.96`	`0.72`	`0.46`	`0.8`	`0.81`	`0.82`	`0.88`	`1.09`	`0.95`	`0.68`	`0.79`	`0.76`	Anthony Kennedy`1.15`	`1.42`	`1.33`	`1.13`	`0.77`	`0.91`	`0.74`	`0.69`	`0.58`	`0.7`	`0.65`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`0.91`	`1.01`	`0.85`	`0.74`	`0.51`	`0.39`	`0.35`	`0.14`	-0.4
Associate Justice	* * * * `2.04`	Stanley Forman Reed`-0.99`	`-1.09`	`-1.01`	`-0.63`	`-0.24`	`0.18`	`0.03`	`-0.21`	`-0.01`	`0.25`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`1.07`	`1.18`	`1.22`	`1.3`	`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.09`	`0.87`	Charles Evans Whittaker`1.38`	`1.49`	`1.31`	`1.24`	Byron White`-0.04`	`0.02`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.11`	`0.19`	`0.15`	`0.29`	`0.61`	`0.78`	`1.05`	`0.61`	`0.61`	`0.53`	`0.32`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.14`	`0.07`	`0.02`	`0.47`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`1.18`	`1.2`	`0.96`	`1.03`	`0.8`	`0.56`	`0.53`	`0.52`	Ruth Bader Ginsburg`-0.33`	`-0.59`	`-0.66`	`-0.87`	`-1.11`	`-1.34`	`-1.69`	`-1.78`	`-1.78`	`-1.77`	`-1.79`	`-1.69`	`-1.45`	`-1.55`	`-1.51`	0.13
Associate Justice	Owen Roberts`-0.04`	`0.38`	`1.04`	`1.73`	`1.95`	`2.22`	`2.6`	`2.97`	Harold Burton`0.49`	`0.55`	`0.89`	`0.96`	`0.96`	`0.98`	`0.93`	`1.23`	`1.32`	`1.29`	`1.29`	`1.28`	`1.13`	Potter Stewart`0.9`	`0.66`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.65`	`0.49`	`0.66`	`0.84`	`0.92`	`0.48`	`0.68`	`0.63`	`0.61`	`0.21`	`0.19`	`0.55`	`0.42`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.32`	`0.55`	`0.49`	`0.67`	Sandra Day O'Connor`1.5`	`1.65`	`1.58`	`1.45`	`1.24`	`1.34`	`1.52`	`1.44`	`1.43`	`1.01`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`0.88`	`0.67`	`0.71`	`0.82`	`0.91`	`0.78`	`0.73`	`0.49`	`0.31`	`0.23`	`0.18`	`0.08`	`-0.04`	Samuel Alito`1.4`	`1.38`	0.9
Associate Justice	Harlan Stone`-0.81`	`-0.78`	`-0.78`	`-0.32`	`0.4`	Robert Jackson`0.23`	`0.27`	`0.19`	`0.24`	`0.64`	`1.05`	`1.18`	`1.33`	`0.94`	`0.82`	`0.74`	`0.96`	`0.87`	John Marshall Harlan II`0.91`	`1.14`	`1.35`	`1.64`	`1.78`	`1.91`	`2`	`2.29`	`2.51`	`2.52`	`2.33`	`2.2`	`1.88`	`1.32`	`0.81`	`0.68`	`0.59`	William Rehnquist`3.98`	`4.24`	`4.32`	`4.43`	`4.37`	`4.31`	`4.32`	`4.33`	`4.18`	`4.03`	`3.94`	`3.87`	`3.68`	`3.48`	Antonin Scalia`1.43`	`1.58`	`1.71`	`1.89`	`2.05`	`2.38`	`2.4`	`2.48`	`2.72`	`2.97`	`3.2`	`3.3`	`3.31`	`3.44`	`3.47`	`3.37`	`3.13`	`2.93`	`2.71`	`2.69`	`2.76`	`2.71`	2.13
Associate Justice	Pierce Butler`1.84`	`2.1`	Frank Murphy`-1.58`	`-1.54`	`-1.5`	`-1.64`	`-1.74`	`-1.46`	`-1.35`	`-1.78`	`-1.72`	`-1.6`	Tom C. Clark`1.04`	`1.09`	`1.18`	`1.13`	`0.6`	`0.17`	`0.08`	`0.26`	`0.61`	`0.54`	`0.44`	`0.78`	`0.41`	`0.21`	`0.18`	`0.01`	`-0.07`	`0.07`	Thurgood Marshall`-0.96`	`-0.97`	`-0.9`	`-0.93`	`-1.03`	`-1.32`	`-1.48`	`-1.54`	`-2.11`	`-2.43`	`-2.73`	`-3.12`	`-3.4`	`-3.59`	`-3.72`	`-3.89`	`-3.95`	`-4.02`	`-4.09`	`-4.28`	`-4.42`	`-4.49`	`-4.46`	`-4.31`	Clarence Thomas`2.73`	`2.99`	`3.34`	`3.52`	`3.62`	`3.72`	`3.76`	`3.83`	`3.83`	`3.93`	`3.98`	`4.21`	`4.34`	`4.5`	`4.67`	`4.78`	`4.83`	-0.07
Chief Justice	Charles Evans Hughes`-0.45`	`-0.3`	`0.3`	`0.84`	Harlan Stone`0.4`	`0.27`	`0.18`	`0.52`	`0.58`	Fred Vinson`0.44`	`0.58`	`0.88`	`1.11`	`1.23`	`1.44`	`1.35`	Earl Warren`0`	`-0.45`	`-1.07`	`-1.25`	`-1.51`	`-1.56`	`-1.53`	`-1.37`	`-1.47`	`-1.34`	`-1.29`	`-1.08`	`-1.16`	`-1.23`	`-1.24`	`-1.25`	Warren Burger`2.02`	`2.26`	`2.5`	`2.32`	`2.27`	`2.19`	`2.04`	`1.93`	`1.6`	`1.45`	`1.21`	`1.38`	`1.5`	`1.35`	`1.54`	`1.87`	`2.01`	William Rehnquist`3.24`	`2.83`	`2.69`	`2.5`	`2.26`	`1.96`	`1.89`	`1.71`	`1.71`	`1.68`	`1.54`	`1.49`	`1.71`	`1.62`	`1.63`	`1.39`	`1.22`	`1.39`	`1.5`	John Roberts`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.44`	0.88
Associate Justice	James Clark McReynolds`2.9`	`2.91`	`2.68`	`2.18`	* `-0.19`	Wiley Blount Rutledge`-1.13`	`-1.16`	`-1.33`	`-1.16`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-1.85`	Sherman Minton`1.16`	`1.31`	`1.37`	`1.19`	`0.86`	`0.88`	`0.92`	William J. Brennan`-0.62`	`-0.74`	`-0.75`	`-0.91`	`-0.92`	`-0.77`	`-1.01`	`-0.88`	`-0.74`	`-0.9`	`-1.06`	`-1.1`	`-0.98`	`-0.89`	`-0.99`	`-1.14`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-2.03`	`-2.61`	`-2.9`	`-3.01`	`-3`	`-2.97`	`-2.82`	`-2.81`	`-2.65`	`-2.95`	`-3.14`	`-3.24`	`-3.5`	`-3.59`	`-3.7`	`-3.74`	David Souter`0.97`	`0.58`	`0.16`	`-0.37`	`-0.53`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.77`	`-0.9`	`-1.26`	`-1.4`	`-1.52`	`-1.59`	`-1.72`	`-1.69`	`-1.58`	`-1.47`	`-1.48`	-1.04
Associate Justice	* * `-1.74`	Felix Frankfurter`-1.29`	`-1.22`	`-0.71`	`0.09`	`0.42`	`0.43`	`0.41`	`0.67`	`1.03`	`0.91`	`0.65`	`0.38`	`0.24`	`0.08`	`0.05`	`0.38`	`0.39`	`0.7`	`0.9`	`1.28`	`1.6`	`1.77`	`1.85`	`1.86`	Arthur Golberg`-0.81`	`-0.95`	`-0.61`	Abe Fortas`-1.26`	`-1.35`	`-1.16`	`-1.01`	`n/a`	Harry Blackmun`1.9`	`1.85`	`1.49`	`1.35`	`1.06`	`0.88`	`0.65`	`0.27`	`0.11`	`-0.07`	`-0.17`	`-0.49`	`-0.56`	`-0.11`	`-0.23`	`-0.79`	`-0.96`	`-0.96`	`-1`	`-0.88`	`-1.19`	`-1.44`	`-1.59`	`-1.86`	Stephen Breyer`-0.51`	`-0.74`	`-0.99`	`-1.07`	`-1.06`	`-1.05`	`-1.41`	`-1.42`	`-1.4`	`-1.32`	`-1.21`	`-1.48`	`-1.63`	`-1.63`	-0.22
Associate Justice	* * * `-0.54`	`-0.5`	William O. Douglas`-2.91`	`-3.04`	`-2.98`	`-2.67`	`-2.3`	`-1.9`	`-1.71`	`-1.43`	`-1.53`	`-1.75`	`-1.61`	`-1.5`	`-1.71`	`-2.37`	`-2.97`	`-3.57`	`-4.03`	`-4.43`	`-4.72`	`-4.96`	`-5.1`	`-5.22`	`-5.32`	`-5.41`	`-5.51`	`-5.66`	`-5.79`	`-5.91`	`-6.02`	`-6.12`	`-6.2`	`-6.28`	`-6.35`	`-6.36`	`-6.4`	`-6.46`	John Paul Stevens`0.03`	`-0.14`	`-0.03`	`-0.31`	`-0.28`	`-0.28`	`-0.27`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.51`	`-0.49`	`-0.6`	`-0.53`	`-0.66`	`-1.07`	`-1.77`	`-2.16`	`-2.33`	`-2.54`	`-2.9`	`-3.12`	`-3.21`	`-3.16`	`-3.11`	`-3`	`-2.84`	`-2.73`	`-2.58`	`-2.52`	`-2.41`	`-2.25`	`-2.2`	`-1.99`	-2.85
Associate Justice	Hugo Black`-2.91`	`-3.19`	`-3.28`	`-3.31`	`-3.2`	`-2.94`	`-2.62`	`-2.5`	`-2.12`	`-1.94`	`-1.81`	`-1.66`	`-1.69`	`-1.64`	`-1.52`	`-1.23`	`-1.57`	`-1.65`	`-1.93`	`-2.11`	`-2.17`	`-2.06`	`-2.02`	`-1.89`	`-1.79`	`-1.71`	`-1.47`	`-0.98`	`-0.61`	`-0.32`	`-0.11`	`-0.01`	`0.08`	`0.06`	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.`1.52`	`1.31`	`1.26`	`1.15`	`0.96`	`0.72`	`0.46`	`0.8`	`0.81`	`0.82`	`0.88`	`1.09`	`0.95`	`0.68`	`0.79`	`0.76`	Anthony Kennedy`1.15`	`1.42`	`1.33`	`1.13`	`0.77`	`0.91`	`0.74`	`0.69`	`0.58`	`0.7`	`0.65`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`0.91`	`1.01`	`0.85`	`0.74`	`0.51`	`0.39`	`0.35`	`0.14`	-0.4
Associate Justice	* * * * `2.04`	Stanley Forman Reed`-0.99`	`-1.09`	`-1.01`	`-0.63`	`-0.24`	`0.18`	`0.03`	`-0.21`	`-0.01`	`0.25`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`1.07`	`1.18`	`1.22`	`1.3`	`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.09`	`0.87`	Charles Evans Whittaker`1.38`	`1.49`	`1.31`	`1.24`	Byron White`-0.04`	`0.02`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.11`	`0.19`	`0.15`	`0.29`	`0.61`	`0.78`	`1.05`	`0.61`	`0.61`	`0.53`	`0.32`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.14`	`0.07`	`0.02`	`0.47`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`1.18`	`1.2`	`0.96`	`1.03`	`0.8`	`0.56`	`0.53`	`0.52`	Ruth Bader Ginsburg`-0.33`	`-0.59`	`-0.66`	`-0.87`	`-1.11`	`-1.34`	`-1.69`	`-1.78`	`-1.78`	`-1.77`	`-1.79`	`-1.69`	`-1.45`	`-1.55`	`-1.51`	0.13
Associate Justice	Owen Roberts`-0.04`	`0.38`	`1.04`	`1.73`	`1.95`	`2.22`	`2.6`	`2.97`	Harold Burton`0.49`	`0.55`	`0.89`	`0.96`	`0.96`	`0.98`	`0.93`	`1.23`	`1.32`	`1.29`	`1.29`	`1.28`	`1.13`	Potter Stewart`0.9`	`0.66`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.65`	`0.49`	`0.66`	`0.84`	`0.92`	`0.48`	`0.68`	`0.63`	`0.61`	`0.21`	`0.19`	`0.55`	`0.42`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.32`	`0.55`	`0.49`	`0.67`	Sandra Day O'Connor`1.5`	`1.65`	`1.58`	`1.45`	`1.24`	`1.34`	`1.52`	`1.44`	`1.43`	`1.01`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`0.88`	`0.67`	`0.71`	`0.82`	`0.91`	`0.78`	`0.73`	`0.49`	`0.31`	`0.23`	`0.18`	`0.08`	`-0.04`	Samuel Alito`1.4`	`1.38`	0.9
Associate Justice	Harlan Stone`-0.81`	`-0.78`	`-0.78`	`-0.32`	`0.4`	Robert Jackson`0.23`	`0.27`	`0.19`	`0.24`	`0.64`	`1.05`	`1.18`	`1.33`	`0.94`	`0.82`	`0.74`	`0.96`	`0.87`	John Marshall Harlan II`0.91`	`1.14`	`1.35`	`1.64`	`1.78`	`1.91`	`2`	`2.29`	`2.51`	`2.52`	`2.33`	`2.2`	`1.88`	`1.32`	`0.81`	`0.68`	`0.59`	William Rehnquist`3.98`	`4.24`	`4.32`	`4.43`	`4.37`	`4.31`	`4.32`	`4.33`	`4.18`	`4.03`	`3.94`	`3.87`	`3.68`	`3.48`	Antonin Scalia`1.43`	`1.58`	`1.71`	`1.89`	`2.05`	`2.38`	`2.4`	`2.48`	`2.72`	`2.97`	`3.2`	`3.3`	`3.31`	`3.44`	`3.47`	`3.37`	`3.13`	`2.93`	`2.71`	`2.69`	`2.76`	`2.71`	2.13
Associate Justice	Pierce Butler`1.84`	`2.1`	Frank Murphy`-1.58`	`-1.54`	`-1.5`	`-1.64`	`-1.74`	`-1.46`	`-1.35`	`-1.78`	`-1.72`	`-1.6`	Tom C. Clark`1.04`	`1.09`	`1.18`	`1.13`	`0.6`	`0.17`	`0.08`	`0.26`	`0.61`	`0.54`	`0.44`	`0.78`	`0.41`	`0.21`	`0.18`	`0.01`	`-0.07`	`0.07`	Thurgood Marshall`-0.96`	`-0.97`	`-0.9`	`-0.93`	`-1.03`	`-1.32`	`-1.48`	`-1.54`	`-2.11`	`-2.43`	`-2.73`	`-3.12`	`-3.4`	`-3.59`	`-3.72`	`-3.89`	`-3.95`	`-4.02`	`-4.09`	`-4.28`	`-4.42`	`-4.49`	`-4.46`	`-4.31`	Clarence Thomas`2.73`	`2.99`	`3.34`	`3.52`	`3.62`	`3.72`	`3.76`	`3.83`	`3.83`	`3.93`	`3.98`	`4.21`	`4.34`	`4.5`	`4.67`	`4.78`	`4.83`	-0.07
Chief Justice	Charles Evans Hughes`-0.45`	`-0.3`	`0.3`	`0.84`	Harlan Stone`0.4`	`0.27`	`0.18`	`0.52`	`0.58`	Fred Vinson`0.44`	`0.58`	`0.88`	`1.11`	`1.23`	`1.44`	`1.35`	Earl Warren`0`	`-0.45`	`-1.07`	`-1.25`	`-1.51`	`-1.56`	`-1.53`	`-1.37`	`-1.47`	`-1.34`	`-1.29`	`-1.08`	`-1.16`	`-1.23`	`-1.24`	`-1.25`	Warren Burger`2.02`	`2.26`	`2.5`	`2.32`	`2.27`	`2.19`	`2.04`	`1.93`	`1.6`	`1.45`	`1.21`	`1.38`	`1.5`	`1.35`	`1.54`	`1.87`	`2.01`	William Rehnquist`3.24`	`2.83`	`2.69`	`2.5`	`2.26`	`1.96`	`1.89`	`1.71`	`1.71`	`1.68`	`1.54`	`1.49`	`1.71`	`1.62`	`1.63`	`1.39`	`1.22`	`1.39`	`1.5`	John Roberts`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.44`	0.88
Associate Justice	James Clark McReynolds`2.9`	`2.91`	`2.68`	`2.18`	* `-0.19`	Wiley Blount Rutledge`-1.13`	`-1.16`	`-1.33`	`-1.16`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-1.85`	Sherman Minton`1.16`	`1.31`	`1.37`	`1.19`	`0.86`	`0.88`	`0.92`	William J. Brennan`-0.62`	`-0.74`	`-0.75`	`-0.91`	`-0.92`	`-0.77`	`-1.01`	`-0.88`	`-0.74`	`-0.9`	`-1.06`	`-1.1`	`-0.98`	`-0.89`	`-0.99`	`-1.14`	`-1.41`	`-1.75`	`-2.03`	`-2.61`	`-2.9`	`-3.01`	`-3`	`-2.97`	`-2.82`	`-2.81`	`-2.65`	`-2.95`	`-3.14`	`-3.24`	`-3.5`	`-3.59`	`-3.7`	`-3.74`	David Souter`0.97`	`0.58`	`0.16`	`-0.37`	`-0.53`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.77`	`-0.9`	`-1.26`	`-1.4`	`-1.52`	`-1.59`	`-1.72`	`-1.69`	`-1.58`	`-1.47`	`-1.48`	-1.04
Associate Justice	* * `-1.74`	Felix Frankfurter`-1.29`	`-1.22`	`-0.71`	`0.09`	`0.42`	`0.43`	`0.41`	`0.67`	`1.03`	`0.91`	`0.65`	`0.38`	`0.24`	`0.08`	`0.05`	`0.38`	`0.39`	`0.7`	`0.9`	`1.28`	`1.6`	`1.77`	`1.85`	`1.86`	Arthur Golberg`-0.81`	`-0.95`	`-0.61`	Abe Fortas`-1.26`	`-1.35`	`-1.16`	`-1.01`	`n/a`	Harry Blackmun`1.9`	`1.85`	`1.49`	`1.35`	`1.06`	`0.88`	`0.65`	`0.27`	`0.11`	`-0.07`	`-0.17`	`-0.49`	`-0.56`	`-0.11`	`-0.23`	`-0.79`	`-0.96`	`-0.96`	`-1`	`-0.88`	`-1.19`	`-1.44`	`-1.59`	`-1.86`	Stephen Breyer`-0.51`	`-0.74`	`-0.99`	`-1.07`	`-1.06`	`-1.05`	`-1.41`	`-1.42`	`-1.4`	`-1.32`	`-1.21`	`-1.48`	`-1.63`	`-1.63`	-0.22
Associate Justice	* * * `-0.54`	`-0.5`	William O. Douglas`-2.91`	`-3.04`	`-2.98`	`-2.67`	`-2.3`	`-1.9`	`-1.71`	`-1.43`	`-1.53`	`-1.75`	`-1.61`	`-1.5`	`-1.71`	`-2.37`	`-2.97`	`-3.57`	`-4.03`	`-4.43`	`-4.72`	`-4.96`	`-5.1`	`-5.22`	`-5.32`	`-5.41`	`-5.51`	`-5.66`	`-5.79`	`-5.91`	`-6.02`	`-6.12`	`-6.2`	`-6.28`	`-6.35`	`-6.36`	`-6.4`	`-6.46`	John Paul Stevens`0.03`	`-0.14`	`-0.03`	`-0.31`	`-0.28`	`-0.28`	`-0.27`	`-0.57`	`-0.62`	`-0.51`	`-0.49`	`-0.6`	`-0.53`	`-0.66`	`-1.07`	`-1.77`	`-2.16`	`-2.33`	`-2.54`	`-2.9`	`-3.12`	`-3.21`	`-3.16`	`-3.11`	`-3`	`-2.84`	`-2.73`	`-2.58`	`-2.52`	`-2.41`	`-2.25`	`-2.2`	`-1.99`	-2.85
Associate Justice	Hugo Black`-2.91`	`-3.19`	`-3.28`	`-3.31`	`-3.2`	`-2.94`	`-2.62`	`-2.5`	`-2.12`	`-1.94`	`-1.81`	`-1.66`	`-1.69`	`-1.64`	`-1.52`	`-1.23`	`-1.57`	`-1.65`	`-1.93`	`-2.11`	`-2.17`	`-2.06`	`-2.02`	`-1.89`	`-1.79`	`-1.71`	`-1.47`	`-0.98`	`-0.61`	`-0.32`	`-0.11`	`-0.01`	`0.08`	`0.06`	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.`1.52`	`1.31`	`1.26`	`1.15`	`0.96`	`0.72`	`0.46`	`0.8`	`0.81`	`0.82`	`0.88`	`1.09`	`0.95`	`0.68`	`0.79`	`0.76`	Anthony Kennedy`1.15`	`1.42`	`1.33`	`1.13`	`0.77`	`0.91`	`0.74`	`0.69`	`0.58`	`0.7`	`0.65`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`0.91`	`1.01`	`0.85`	`0.74`	`0.51`	`0.39`	`0.35`	`0.14`	-0.4
Associate Justice	* * * * `2.04`	Stanley Forman Reed`-0.99`	`-1.09`	`-1.01`	`-0.63`	`-0.24`	`0.18`	`0.03`	`-0.21`	`-0.01`	`0.25`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`1.07`	`1.18`	`1.22`	`1.3`	`1.48`	`1.49`	`1.09`	`0.87`	Charles Evans Whittaker`1.38`	`1.49`	`1.31`	`1.24`	Byron White`-0.04`	`0.02`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.11`	`0.19`	`0.15`	`0.29`	`0.61`	`0.78`	`1.05`	`0.61`	`0.61`	`0.53`	`0.32`	`-0.07`	`-0.05`	`0.14`	`0.07`	`0.02`	`0.47`	`0.75`	`0.96`	`1.18`	`1.2`	`0.96`	`1.03`	`0.8`	`0.56`	`0.53`	`0.52`	Ruth Bader Ginsburg`-0.33`	`-0.59`	`-0.66`	`-0.87`	`-1.11`	`-1.34`	`-1.69`	`-1.78`	`-1.78`	`-1.77`	`-1.79`	`-1.69`	`-1.45`	`-1.55`	`-1.51`	0.13
Associate Justice	Owen Roberts`-0.04`	`0.38`	`1.04`	`1.73`	`1.95`	`2.22`	`2.6`	`2.97`	Harold Burton`0.49`	`0.55`	`0.89`	`0.96`	`0.96`	`0.98`	`0.93`	`1.23`	`1.32`	`1.29`	`1.29`	`1.28`	`1.13`	Potter Stewart`0.9`	`0.66`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.65`	`0.49`	`0.66`	`0.84`	`0.92`	`0.48`	`0.68`	`0.63`	`0.61`	`0.21`	`0.19`	`0.55`	`0.42`	`0.54`	`0.49`	`0.32`	`0.55`	`0.49`	`0.67`	Sandra Day O'Connor`1.5`	`1.65`	`1.58`	`1.45`	`1.24`	`1.34`	`1.52`	`1.44`	`1.43`	`1.01`	`0.56`	`0.7`	`0.88`	`0.67`	`0.71`	`0.82`	`0.91`	`0.78`	`0.73`	`0.49`	`0.31`	`0.23`	`0.18`	`0.08`	`-0.04`	Samuel Alito`1.4`	`1.38`	0.9
Associate Justice	Harlan Stone`-0.81`	`-0.78`	`-0.78`	`-0.32`	`0.4`	Robert Jackson`0.23`	`0.27`	`0.19`	`0.24`	`0.64`	`1.05`	`1.18`	`1.33`	`0.94`	`0.82`	`0.74`	`0.96`	`0.87`	John Marshall Harlan II`0.91`	`1.14`	`1.35`	`1.64`	`1.78`	`1.91`	`2`	`2.29`	`2.51`	`2.52`	`2.33`	`2.2`	`1.88`	`1.32`	`0.81`	`0.68`	`0.59`	William Rehnquist`3.98`	`4.24`	`4.32`	`4.43`	`4.37`	`4.31`	`4.32`	`4.33`	`4.18`	`4.03`	`3.94`	`3.87`	`3.68`	`3.48`	Antonin Scalia`1.43`	`1.58`	`1.71`	`1.89`	`2.05`	`2.38`	`2.4`	`2.48`	`2.72`	`2.97`	`3.2`	`3.3`	`3.31`	`3.44`	`3.47`	`3.37`	`3.13`	`2.93`	`2.71`	`2.69`	`2.76`	`2.71`	2.13
Associate Justice	Pierce Butler`1.84`	`2.1`	Frank Murphy`-1.58`	`-1.54`	`-1.5`	`-1.64`	`-1.74`	`-1.46`	`-1.35`	`-1.78`	`-1.72`	`-1.6`	Tom C. Clark`1.04`	`1.09`	`1.18`	`1.13`	`0.6`	`0.17`	`0.08`	`0.26`	`0.61`	`0.54`	`0.44`	`0.78`	`0.41`	`0.21`	`0.18`	`0.01`	`-0.07`	`0.07`	Thurgood Marshall`-0.96`	`-0.97`	`-0.9`	`-0.93`	`-1.03`	`-1.32`	`-1.48`	`-1.54`	`-2.11`	`-2.43`	`-2.73`	`-3.12`	`-3.4`	`-3.59`	`-3.72`	`-3.89`	`-3.95`	`-4.02`	`-4.09`	`-4.28`	`-4.42`	`-4.49`	`-4.46`	`-4.31`	Clarence Thomas`2.73`	`2.99`	`3.34`	`3.52`	`3.62`	`3.72`	`3.76`	`3.83`	`3.83`	`3.93`	`3.98`	`4.21`	`4.34`	`4.5`	`4.67`	`4.78`	`4.83`	-0.07

* James F. Byrnes
* * Benjamin Cardozo
* * * Louis Brandeis
* * * * George Sutherland

SCOTUS Scores Revisited